Pilonidal Sinus (Tailbone Cyst)?
In young adults, a Pilonidal sinus is a frequent condition that limits well-being and fitness.
Some patients are uncomfortable or embarrassed to go to the doctor with these symptoms on the buttocks. There is no reason for this.
Learn everything about the development and treatment of the little-known diagnosis of Pilonidal Sinus. Become active and trust our experience from over 4000 operations.
With the latest technology and a well thought-out concept, we will find the right way for you to cure Pilonidal Sinus.
We offer an all-in-one solution of examination, consultation and treatment on an outpatient basis in one day. General anesthesia and hospitalization are not necessary. Then even a long journey to Munich is worthwhile.
Do I really have a Pilonidal sinus?
- What is a Pilonidal Sinus?
- What are the typical symptoms of a Pilonidal Sinus?
- What can a Pilonidal Sinus look like?
Ignore? Operate? And if so, how?
- Possibilities of treatment without surgery
- Surgicalmethods for Pilonidal Sinus
- Advantages of laser treatment and laser surgery
I've already had surgery. The fistula's back. What to do?
- Why does a relapse occur?
- In which cases can minimally invasive treatment be used for recurrence?
- When is Karydakis surgery recommended?
What is a Pilonidal Sinus - Tailbone Cyst?
Mayo first described the pathology in 1833.Fistula (lat. fistula tube, pipe) is the name given to a tubular duct resulting from chronic inflammation. The term sinus pilonidalis ( pilonidal sinus, pilonidal cyst, "coccygeal cyst", "sacral dermoid", "dermoid cyst") dates from Hodge 1880 (lat. pilus = hair and nidus = nest).
These fistulas are only found in the gluteal fold. They can be chronic (= Pilonidal Sinus) or acute (= coccyx abscess). Ingrown or spiked hair leads to a state of irritation as a foreign body. A protective wall of scar tissue forms, the fistula capsule (foreign body granuloma).
A stable layer of collagenous connective tissue, the fascia, protects the gluteus and coccyx bone.
The rectum and sphincter are never involved.
Pilonidal Sinus: 5 typical symptoms
Midline pits
Pilonidal sinus with 3 pits (red arrows) and a secondary opening on the left (green arrow)
Pilonidal Sinus with multiple primary and secondary openings
Pilonidal Sinus with 3 primary openings
Pilonidal Sinus with numerous pits
Small dots or Openings in the center line prove the diagnosis of Pilonidal Sinus.
These so-called pits can be overlooked. They also occur remote from the obvious fistula opening ("pimple") or swelling.
Occasionally, loose hair can be pulled out. Other pits contain a pasty secretion of horn scales, similar to a "blackhead".
In our Picture gallery you can see how a Pilonidal Sinus can look like.
Pain, Induration
Pain in the beer garden
Pain on unpadded seats
Pain during sport
The most common symptom is a pain or foreign body sensation when sitting .
This is particularly noticeable on an unupholstered chair (school, lecture hall, further education, beer garden bench).
You can also feel the hardening during athletic exercises (sit-ups, bench press).
In the case of inflammatory episodes or pilonidal abscess, it can become so painful that you can no longer sit.
Lump, asymmetry
The distorted gluteal fold indicates Pilonidal Sinus
Not always in the pilonidal sinus there is a clearly visible fistula opening.
The only sign may then be an asymmetry of the gluteal fold or a visible bump on the buttocks.
The fistula capsule can be felt as a hardening, it sometimes feels like bone or cartilage.
When comparing the sides left - right you will find the difference - bone would always be symmetrical!
Blood, pus, fluid
Purulent discharge with abscess perforation
Bleeding from secondary opening
Some patients notice dampness, stains in the laundry, or unpleasant odors.
Bleeding occasionally suggests blood in the stool. They originate from the granulation tissue lining the fistula, which contains many, delicate blood vessels and can bleed easily.
These bleedings are not dangerous. They are a sign of the body's efforts to heal the wound. Building materials for healing are transported in the bloodstream.
Fever, feeling ill
Patient in bed with fever, pain and general feeling of illness
In pilonidal abscess, redness is often found beyond the borders of the Pilonidal Sinus .
Most often, the abscess eventually bursts by itself . Otherwise, there may be a feeling of illness and fever. Then abscess cleavage is urgently needed.
Blood poisoning" (sepsis) is possible, but extremely rare.
Opening the abscess brings immediate relief. Antibiotics reduce inflammatory co-reaction of the surrounding area.
The pilonidal sinus is a simple disease.
To which doctor at Pilonidal Sinus?
Why does one need a specialist for a simple illness?
The coccyx fistula is a disease of the skin. Consequently, the dermatologist would be responsible. However, the first contact person is usually the family doctor. He will refer the patient to a surgeon.
About 50,000 patients are operated on a pilonidal sinus per year in Germany. In other words, each surgeon treats an average of only 1.4 Pilonidal Sinus patients per year. With this number of cases it will be difficult to gain experience.
Pilonidal Sinus - OP: What is the problem?
The supposedly small intervention can have unexpectedly large consequences.
- Long healing period with sick leave
- Extensive and painful wound treatment,
- frequent wound healing disorders
- high relapse rate of up to 57 %(Deutsches Ärzteblatt 2019)
- scarring
- Repeated hospital stays
- Loss of income and career interruption
- Restrictions in sports fitness, weight gain
- Restrictions of body feeling and sexuality
Good decisions are based on experience.
We are the experts for coccyx fistula
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Surgery for coccyx fistula (as of 01.10.20)
6542
Treatment cases for coccyx fistula (status 30.03.20)
Laser Treatments
Experience in laser therapy and laser surgery since 2012
Cash and private
Full approval for outpatient operations
Pit Picking Operation - The gentle alternative
According to the current state of science, a healing of Pilonidal Sinus is only possible through surgery. The decisive factors for the success or failure of an operation were already described in 1965 by the English surgeon Peter Lord.
- The cause of Pilonidal Sinus is hair embedded in the subcutaneous tissue.
- All penetrated hair must be completely removed.
- All entry ports (pores, pits) for hair must be identified and eliminated.
- These goals can usually be achieved by a comparatively simple, small operation
All fistulas will heal if they are not kept open. A pilonidal sinus is a foreign body - fistula, with hair being the foreign body. If the hair is removed, the fistula will heal
Surgical techniques for Pilonidal Sinus
Wide excision and leaving the wound open ("Butcher method")
The story of the operation of Pilonidal Sinus begins with an error.
At the beginning of the last century, when the diagnosis of the pilonidal sinus became increasingly common, including in soldiers in World War I ("Jeep's Disease"), one thought of the congenital disease of an embryonic malformation.
In other words, a relapse (recurrence) could not occur after complete removal. However, after recurrences were nevertheless observed, the extent of the operations was extended more and more.
This radical removal (Latin 'radix', root) became accepted worldwide. Although this theory has been Patey is regarded as refuted, most surgeons still stick to this outdated therapy concept.
Excision with closure of the wound by local tissue transfer (flap surgery)
Why not close the wound by stitches?
With a simple suture in the midline, wound infections are common, the suture bursts open or must be reopened to control infection.
In addition, the suture leads to a slight inversion of the wound edges, which favours the re-growth of hair and thus the relapse (recurrence).
The constant movements while walking and sitting cause shearing forces in the area of the gluteal fold, which prevent a stable healing of a sutured wound.
For this reason, procedures have been developed to reduce the tension in the sutures by relocating the patient's own tissue (flap plasty) and to enable a laterally displaced (medically: lateralised) suture:
- Karydakis - Operation
- Limberg - Operation and the related Dufourmentel - Technique
The alternatives to conventional surgery
Pit picking surgery, laser surgery (SiLaC®), sinusectomy, endoscopy (EPSiT)
Less is more:
On the basis of the pit-picking technique developed in England and popularised in the USA, we have various variants of this gentle treatment available.
Pit picking refers to the selective removal of the affected hair roots as skin cylinders of 2-5 mm diameter and the cleaning of the fistula tract from deposited hair fragments.
The more perfectly this goal is achieved, the lower the risk of recurrence of fistula formation.
The decision for the best technology is made individually:
- Laser treatment of the fistula from the inside using a glass fibre probe(SiLaC®)
- Precise peeling along the fistula capsule(sinusectomy or fistulectomy).
- Videoendoscopic surgery (Endoscopic Pilonidal Sinus Therapy EPSiT)
Aftercare after Pilonidal Sinus - Operation
Optimize the healing process and avoid relapses
With us you will not be left alone after the operation.
The best operation does not guarantee a problem-free healing. In questions of aftercare, we advise you already at the surgery appointment.
Especially if you live further away, your relative can become your private wound specialist. We support you through all common digital communication channels.
From our information brochure you will learn what to expect in the course.
At the follow-up appointment in the practice, your surgeon will personally take care of the optimal healing process, if necessary.
In our special wound and laser consultation your wound will be professionally cared for by a trained and experienced therapist.
The success story of our practice
From the idea to an internationally renowned treatment centre for Pilonidal Sinus
Mail from Dr. John Bascom from Eugene, Oregon
It must have been around 2003. Having successfully passed the specialist examination, I was entitled to operate on my own. The first procedures that await a young surgeon are the supposedly simple ones - like removing a Pilonidal Sinus.
In specialist medical training, the complete excision of the fistula region down to the bone, which many patients now call the "Metzger method", was taught.
My friend and colleague Dr. K. had to experience first hand a painful wound treatment lasting 9 months after such an operation in a large Munich clinic.
A revolutionary new method from England and the USA
"There's got to be some other way to do this," were his words that lingered in my ear canal.
My research on the then just burgeoning internet brought me to the method of Dr. John Bascom from the USA. The inventor was actually the British surgeon Dr. Peter Lord. Bascom's merit was to make the "Pit Picking" - operation known worldwide.
At that time, communication was still analogue. For this reason, a package with instructions, a video CD and self-drawn graphics provided the starting signal to try it with the healing of a Pilonidal Sinus once differently.
Evolution of the Pit Picking Technique Operation
Despite a success rate of initially only about 50 %, the patients were happy to have escaped the standard operation. Consequently, more and more requests came in. I was and am constantly on the lookout for innovative medical technology, fine special instruments, medicinal therapies and biomaterials.
Today we achieve cure rates of > 90 %. Currently, about 1000 patients per year visit our practice with a Pilonidal Sinus .
From this we have learned that minimally invasive techniques are not only suitable for a first operation. Also the relapse (recurrence) can be taken away with it the frights.
